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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
1-Pyrenebutyric acid does not have a specific biological target as a drug. Its primary role is as a fluorescent probe for studying proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biological systems. Its mechanism of action is based on its fluorescence properties: the pyrene chromophore absorbs light and emits fluorescence, the lifetime and intensity of which are sensitive to local environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, free radical concentration, and polarity. This sensitivity makes it a valuable tool for sensing and reporting on the microenvironment in biological and chemical systems.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 1-Pyrenebutyric acid is used as a fluorescent labeling agent, enabling the detection and tracking of biomolecules. It is widely used in fluorescence spectroscopy and as a molecular probe in various applications. Its strong fluorescence and ability to form π-π stacked aggregates make it useful for studying membrane dynamics, protein conformation, and nucleic acid interactions. The compound's reactive carboxylic acid group can be activated and conjugated to amines on proteins or other biomolecules, creating fluorescently labeled probes for a range of assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity for 1-Pyrenebutyric acid is not typically studied, as it is a fluorescent probe rather than a bioactive drug. However, pyrene derivatives have been investigated for their potential in photodynamic therapy and as imaging agents. The compound's fluorescence can be used to track the distribution of conjugated molecules in animal models. For example, a 1-Pyrenebutyric acid-labeled antibody could be injected into mice, and its biodistribution could be monitored by detecting pyrene fluorescence in tissues.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cell) assays using 1-Pyrenebutyric acid typically involve the compound as a fluorescent label or probe. A standard protocol for labeling proteins: 1-Pyrenebutyric acid is first activated by reacting with a carbodiimide (e.g., EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to form a succinimidyl ester. The activated ester is then incubated with a protein solution at pH 7-8 for 2 hours at room temperature. The labeled protein is purified by dialysis or size exclusion chromatography. The degree of labeling is determined by measuring the absorbance at 342 nm (pyrene) and 280 nm (protein). This labeled protein can then be used in binding assays to study protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 1-Pyrenebutyric acid typically involve using the compound or its conjugates to label and visualize cellular structures. A standard protocol for cell labeling: cells are cultured on coverslips and treated with a 1-Pyrenebutyric acid conjugate (e.g., a labeled antibody or peptide) for 1-2 hours at 37°C. Cells are then washed with PBS to remove unbound probe and fixed with paraformaldehyde. The coverslips are mounted on slides and visualized using a fluorescence microscope with appropriate excitation (e.g., 340 nm) and emission (e.g., 380 nm) filters. Pyrene's excimer formation can also be used to study membrane fluidity and aggregation.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 1-Pyrenebutyric acid are not typically conducted for the compound itself. However, for a 1-Pyrenebutyric acid conjugate, such as a labeled antibody or nanoparticle, a standard protocol for biodistribution studies: the fluorescently labeled conjugate is administered intravenously to mice. At various time points (e.g., 1, 6, 24 hours post-injection), animals are euthanized, and organs (liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, brain) are collected. The tissues are homogenized, and the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene label is measured using a fluorometer to determine the distribution of the conjugate. Alternatively, tissue sections can be prepared for fluorescence microscopy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 1-Pyrenebutyric acid are not well-characterized. The compound has a calculated XLogP3-AA value of 5.1, indicating high lipophilicity. It is partially soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and methanol. The melting point is 184-186°C. As a small molecule (MW 288.34 g/mol), it is likely to be absorbed if administered orally, but its high lipophilicity may lead to extensive tissue distribution and protein binding. The carboxylic acid group may undergo conjugation or metabolism.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for 1-Pyrenebutyric acid indicates that it is an irritant. The hazard code Xi (Irritant) and risk statements R36/37/38 indicate that it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Safety statements recommend wearing suitable protective clothing (S36) and rinsing eyes with plenty of water and seeking medical advice upon contact (S26). The compound is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative, and while it is not classified as a carcinogen, caution should be exercised. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment in a well-ventilated area.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1-Pyrenebutyric acid is a versatile pyrene fluorophore with bright blue emission and strong π-π stacking. It is ideal for preparing fluorescent probes, polymer labeling, and microenvironment sensing. The compound's reactive carboxylic acid group enables bioconjugation to proteins, peptides, and other amine-containing molecules. Its fluorescence lifetime depends on local oxygen and free radical concentration. It is widely used in fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular probe applications. The compound is not a drug and has no clinical use or approval status. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H16O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
288.3398
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| Exact Mass |
288.115
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| CAS # |
3443-45-6
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| PubChem CID |
76977
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
515.9±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
184-186 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
412.3±16.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.775
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| LogP |
5.37
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
418
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
QXYRRCOJHNZVDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H16O2/c21-18(22)6-2-3-13-7-8-16-10-9-14-4-1-5-15-11-12-17(13)20(16)19(14)15/h1,4-5,7-12H,2-3,6H2,(H,21,22)
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| Chemical Name |
4-pyren-1-ylbutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~346.81 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (8.67 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4681 mL | 17.3406 mL | 34.6813 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6936 mL | 3.4681 mL | 6.9363 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3468 mL | 1.7341 mL | 3.4681 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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