2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-(pyren-1-yl)butanoate is an amine-reactive ester that has been widely used for coating carbon nanotube-based biosensors for the capture of antibodies and proteins.

[1]. Benvidi A, et al. Comparison of impedimetric detection of DNA hybridization on the various biosensors based on modified glassy carbon electrodes with PANHS and nanomaterials of RGO and MWCNTs. Talanta. 2016 Jan 15;147:621-7.
[2]. Tian J, et al. Biosensing platform based on graphene oxide via self-assembly induced by synergic interactions. Anal Biochem. 2014 Sep 1;460:16-21.
[3]. Kim, J.P., Lee, B.Y., Hong, S., et al. Ultrasensitive carbon nanotube-based biosensors using antibody-binding fragments. Anal. Biochem. 381(2), 193-198 (2008).
[4]. Karachevtsev, V.A., Stepanian, S.G., Glamazda, A.Y., et al. Noncovalent interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimide ester and glucoseoxidase. J. Phys. Chem. 115(43), 21072-21082 (2011).

λmax: 234, 243, 265, 276, 326, 342 nm
Emission: 377; 397

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1. Chemically Functionalized Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Label-Free Exosome Detection
Graphene field-effect transistors (gFETs) were non-covalently functionalized with 1-pyrene butyrate N-hydroxysuccinimide and conjugated with an anti-CD63 antibody for label-free exosome detection. A portion of the graphene film was exposed to solution using a microfluidic channel. The changes in the electrical properties of the exposed graphene were visualized in the drain-source current (Ids) vs. back-gate voltage (Vg) curves, showing a new minimum value next to the original Dirac point. An additional minimum value appeared at Vglower in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), located outside the original Dirac point, and this minimum value shifted over time as exosomes were introduced into the channel. This minimum deviation relative to the PBS reference point saturated after 30 minutes and was observed at various exosome concentrations. When conjugated with an isotype control antibody, the sensor's response to the highest concentration of exosomes was negligible compared to that of the anti-CD63 antibody, indicating that the functionalized gFET can specifically detect exosomes at concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/mL and is concentration-sensitive. This gFET biosensor, previously unused for exosome detection, could be an effective liquid biopsy tool for detecting exosomes as biomarkers for early disease identification, such as cancer.
Reference: Sci Rep. 26 Sep 2019; 9(1):13946. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50412-9.

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2. A Novel Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Fe3O4NPs-Reduced Graphene Oxide/PANHS Nanocomposite Modified Magnetic Rod-Shaped Carbon Paste Electrode
This study designed a label-free DNA biosensor based on a magnetic rod-shaped carbon paste electrode (MBCPE). This electrode was modified with Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4NP-RGO) nanocomposite and 1-pyrenebutyrate-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PANHS) binder for DNA sequence detection. The probe (BRCA1 5382 insC mutation detection) strand was immobilized on the MBCPE/Fe3O4-RGO/PANHS electrode under precise incubation time. The modified electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry. Experimental parameters such as probe DNA immobilization time, hybridization time, and temperature were investigated. Under optimal conditions, probe immobilization and hybridization with target DNA (complementary DNA) were tested. This DNA biosensor exhibited a good linear relationship between ΔRct and logarithm within a complementary target DNA concentration range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol L⁻¹ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9935 and a detection limit of 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁹ mol L⁻¹. Furthermore, this biosensor was successfully applied to distinguish between complementary and non-complementary sequences. The constructed biosensor (MBCPE/Fe3O4-RGO/PANHS/ssDNA) possesses high sensitivity, high selectivity, high stability, high reproducibility, and low cost, and can be used to detect BRCA1 5382 insC mutations.
Reference: Mater Biol Appl. 2016 Nov 1;68:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.056.

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3. Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Plasma from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Using Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in plasma is crucial for the diagnosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We developed a biosensor to detect AFP in plasma and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from HCC patients using graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs). G-FETs were functionalized with 1-pyrenebutyrate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PBASE) to immobilize anti-AFP antibodies. AFP was detected by evaluating the shift in Dirac point voltage (ΔVDirac) after AFP bound to the surface of the G-FET channel immobilized with anti-AFP antibodies. The G-FET biosensor immobilized with anti-AFP antibody was able to detect AFP at a concentration of 0.1 ng mL⁻¹ in PBS buffer with a detection sensitivity of 16.91 mV. In HCC patient plasma, the biosensor was able to detect AFP at a concentration of 12.9 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection sensitivity of 5.68 mV. The sensitivity (ΔVDirac) depended on the concentration of AFP in the PBS buffer or HCC patient plasma. These data indicate that the G-FET biosensor has practical application value in the diagnostic field. November 19, 2018; 18(11): 4032. doi: 10.3390/s18114032.

C24H19NO4

385.4120

385.131

C, 74.79; H, 4.97; N, 3.63; O, 16.60

114932-60-4

130767

Typically exists as light green to green solids at room temperature

1.4±0.1 g/cm3

590.9±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg

132-136ºC(lit.)

311.2±28.2 °C

0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.739

3.77

0

4

6

29

660

0

O(C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C2C([H])=C([H])C3C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C4C([H])=C([H])C=1C=2C4=3)=O)N1C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1=O)=O

YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C24H19NO4/c26-20-13-14-21(27)25(20)29-22(28)6-2-3-15-7-8-18-10-9-16-4-1-5-17-11-12-19(15)24(18)23(16)17/h1,4-5,7-12H,2-3,6,13-14H2

(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-pyren-1-ylbutanoate

114932-60-4; 1-Pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; 2,5-DIOXOPYRROLIDIN-1-YL 4-(PYREN-1-YL)BUTANOATE; N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Pyrenebutanoate; 97427-71-9; Pyrenebutyric acid NHS ester; 1-Succinimidyl-3'-pyrenebutyrate; 1-Pyrenebutanoic acid, 2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl ester;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~259.46 mM)
DMF: ~15 mg/ml

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)