| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of 1-methylxanthine are phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP. By inhibiting PDEs, 1-methylxanthine increases intracellular cAMP levels. It also functions as an adenosine receptor antagonist. As a metabolite of caffeine and theophylline, it shares some of their pharmacological properties, including central nervous system stimulation and bronchodilation, though its potency may differ.
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| ln Vitro |
1-Methylxanthine (1-MTX; 3 mM; 30 min) promotes the death of radiation-induced clonogenic and apoptotic cells (RKO human colorectal cancer cells expressing wild type protein 53 kDa (p53))[2]. 1-Methylxanthine (1MX) functions similarly to other methylxanthines that are found in nature. Plants do not naturally produce large amounts of 1-methylxanthine and 3-methylxanthine (3MX) in contrast to theobromine, caffeine, and TP[1].
1-Methylxanthine exhibits in vitro activity as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist. Its activity is assessed in enzyme assays measuring PDE activity, where the hydrolysis of cAMP or cGMP is measured in the presence of the compound. It also demonstrates radiosensitization activity, as it can increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. These in vitro activities confirm its utility as a research tool for studying PDE and adenosine receptor pharmacology. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 1-methylxanthine is primarily studied as a metabolite rather than a therapeutic agent. It is a primary urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline, and its levels can be measured to assess caffeine metabolism and exposure. As a PDE inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, it may contribute to the pharmacological effects of caffeine and theophylline. It has been shown to increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 1-methylxanthine typically measure its inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. These assays use recombinant PDE enzymes and a fluorescent or colorimetric substrate (e.g., cAMP or cGMP). The enzyme is incubated with the substrate and varying concentrations of 1-methylxanthine. The decrease in substrate hydrolysis is measured to determine the IC50. Adenosine receptor binding assays using radiolabeled ligands can also be performed to assess its antagonistic activity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for 1-methylxanthine are conducted in various cell types to assess its effects on cAMP signaling and cell proliferation. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations, and intracellular cAMP levels are measured by ELISA. Cell viability and proliferation are assessed using standard assays. Radiosensitization activity is evaluated by treating cells with 1-methylxanthine followed by irradiation and measuring clonogenic survival.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with 1-methylxanthine are primarily conducted for metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies. The compound is administered to animals, and its levels in plasma and urine are measured to study caffeine and theophylline metabolism. Its effects on radiosensitivity can be studied in tumor-bearing animal models, where it is administered before irradiation and tumor growth is monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
1-Methylxanthine is a known human metabolite of paraxanthine and theophylline. 1-Methylxanthine is a small, polar molecule with a molecular weight of 166.14 and a molecular formula of C6H6N4O2. It is soluble in water and organic solvents. Its pharmacokinetic properties are related to its role as a metabolite; it is formed from caffeine and theophylline in the liver and excreted in urine. The compound is typically stored at room temperature. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
1-Methylxanthine is considered to have low toxicity based on its use as a research compound and its occurrence as a natural metabolite. However, comprehensive toxicological evaluations have not been extensively published. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1-Methyl-7H-xanthine is a tautomer of 1-methylxanthine, in which the imidazole proton is located at position 7. It is a mouse metabolite and is functionally related to 7H-xanthine. It has been reported that 1-methylxanthine is present in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and relevant data are available.
1-Methylxanthine is a monomethylated xanthine derivative and a primary urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline. It is a competitive, non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and an adenosine receptor antagonist. It has radiosensitization activity and can increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. It is also known as 1-methyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,9H)-dione. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H6N4O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
166.1374
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| Exact Mass |
166.049
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| CAS # |
6136-37-4
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| PubChem CID |
80220
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| Appearance |
Yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
≥300 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.627
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| LogP |
-1.52
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
242
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
MVOYJPOZRLFTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H6N4O2/c1-10-5(11)3-4(8-2-7-3)9-6(10)12/h2H,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,12)
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| Chemical Name |
1-methyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione
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| Synonyms |
1Methylxanthine; 1 Methylxanthine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~60.19 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (6.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1 mg/mL (6.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0190 mL | 30.0951 mL | 60.1902 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2038 mL | 6.0190 mL | 12.0380 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6019 mL | 3.0095 mL | 6.0190 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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