Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
After 24-hr covered contact with the skin of mice, about 95% of a 100-uL dose of 0.5% 1-dodecanol in triethyl citrate remained on the skin. A small proportion, 0.1%, was recovered in the feces and urine, 0.13% was recovered from the body, and 2.61% was excreted in the air. These data indicate a low amount of dermal uptake.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Frog liver microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol into the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. The hydroxylation rate for 1-dodecanol was much lower than that for lauric acid. Both NADPH and O2 were required for hydroxylation activity. NADH had no effect on the hydroxylation. The hydroxylating system was inhibited 49% by CO at a CO:O2 ratio of 4.0. The formation of omega-hydroxydodecanol was more sharply inhibited by CO than was the formation of (omega-1)-hydroxydodecanol, implying that more than one cytochrome P-450 was involved in the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol and that CO has a higher affinity for the P-450 catalyzing the omega-hydroxylation. The formation of laurate during the incubation of 1-dodecanol with frog liver microsomes suggests that a fatty alcohol oxidation system is also present in the microsomes. NAD+ was the most effective cofactor for the oxidation of 1-dodecanol and NADP+ had a little effect. Pyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) had a slight inhibitory effect on the oxidation and sodium azide (an inhibitor of catalase) had no effect.
The liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated fatty acids (C8-C18), alcohols (C12 and C16) and hydrocarbon (C12) to the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. Lauric acid was hydroxylated most effectively among saturated fatty acids and the order of activity as hydroxylation substrates was C12 greater than C14 greater than C13 greater than C16 greater than C10 greater than C18 greater than C8. The specific activity of laurate hydroxylation (5.99 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) in gerbil liver microsomes was higher than that observed in other species. 1-Dodecanol was also hydroxylated very effectively (4.58 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) by gerbil liver microsomes, but in general the hydroxylation rates for fatty alcohols were much lower than those for the corresponding acids.

Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Dodecanol is used principally as chemical intermediate for salts of n-dodecyl sulfate and foam stabilizer for alcohol sulfate surfactants. It is also used in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, perfumes, and as a flavoring agent. The substance is practically non-toxic, and is a permitted food additive (GRAS) in both the U.S. and the EU. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact for 48 hours with 4% 1-dodecanol in petrolatum was not irritating to 25 human volunteers, but marked skin irritation was noted when 25% 1-dodecanol in mineral oil was given in open contact with scarified skin of 5 to 10 volunteers once a day for 3 days. There was no skin sensitization in 25 human volunteers at a concentration of 4% in petrolatum. ANIMAL STUDIES: Aspiration of 0.2 mL of 1-dodecanol produced death among 9 out of 10 rats. The deaths were caused by pulmonary edema rather than cardiac arrest or respiratory failure as with the C3 to C10 alcohols. The lungs were dark red; seven rats died within 7 to 30 min, and two rats died 5 hr or longer after dosing. 1-Dodecanol did not cause developmental or reproductive toxicities when tested in rats at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 2000 mg/kg /day for 14 days prior to mating. 1-Dodecanol, in the doses administered, had no effect on fetal weight, weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency in the parental generation. When tested for carcinogenicity, 1-dodecanol showed weak tumor-promoting activity when applied three times a week for 60 weeks to the skin of mice that had previously received an initiating dose of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In another study, in 6-8 week old mice, ip injections of dodecanol in 0.1 mL tricaprylin (12.0 g/kg to 30 animals in high dose group, and 2.4 g/kg to 28 animals in low dose group) was administered 3 times weekly for eight weeks. Papillomas developed in 2 of 30 mice after 39 and 49 weeks of treatment. Lung tumors were observed in 2/15 female mice in the high dose group, and in 2/15 males and 3/13 females in the low dose group. 1-Dodecanol was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the Ames assay with and without metabolic activation, or to Escherichia coli without metabolic activation. However, it diminished cell mitotic activity and caused structural changes to chromosomes and the mitotic apparatus in Vicia faba after 14 hours exposure. ECOTOXICITY: Although Dodecanol exhibits non-polar CNS depressant toxicity to aquatic organisms of about 1 mg/L, the substance is readily degradable and releases during production, or through diffuse uses of the free alcohol do not give rise to environmental concerns.

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Toxicity Data
LC50 (rat) > 1,050 mg/m3/6h

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Interactions
Nutritional encephalomalacia induced by lauryl alcohol could be completely prevented by dietary supplementation of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.
IN PRESENCE OF DODECANOL, DEPRESSION OF AMPLITUDE OF COMPD ACTION POTENTIAL BY BUTANOL (30 MMOL) WAS INCR.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Rat oral 12,800 mg/kg
LC50 Rat inhalation >1050 mg/cu m (138 ppm)
LD50 Guinea pig dermal >8310 mg/kg

Dodecanol is a colorless thick liquid with a sweet odor. Floats on water. Freezing point is 75 °F. (USCG, 1999)
Dodecan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops. It has a role as a cosmetic, a pheromone, an insect attractant, a plant metabolite, an insecticide and a bacterial metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and a dodecanol.
1-Dodecanol is a saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
1-Dodecanol has been reported in Francisella tularensis, Camellia sinensis, and other organisms with data available.
A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
See also: Alcohols, C8-18 (annotation moved to).

C₁₂H₂₆O

186.33

186.198

112-53-8

1-Dodecanol-13C;88170-32-5;1-Dodecanol-d25;160776-83-0;1-Dodecanol-d26;38086-03-2;1-Dodecanol-d1;14848-65-8

8193

Colorless to off-white <22°C powder,>26°C liquid

0.8±0.1 g/cm3

258.0±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

22-26 °C(lit.)

115.4±4.6 °C

0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.441

5.13

1

1

10

13

81.2

0

O([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]

LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H26O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13/h13H,2-12H2,1H3

dodecan-1-ol

1Dodecanol; 1 Dodecanol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~536.68 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)