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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
β-Amyloid (1-42) targets neuronal cells, causing neurotoxicity. It aggregates to form oligomers and fibrils, which are toxic to neurons. It interacts with various cell surface receptors, including the NMDA receptor and the cellular prion protein, and activates inflammatory pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
Recommendations for Beta-Amyloid Aggregation (The protocol we suggest is merely a guide and should be adjusted to meet your unique requirements). 1. Solid Aβ peptide should be dissolved in cold hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). To establish filtering and randomization of the structure, peptides were purified under purification for a minimum of 60 minutes. 2. After removing HFIP, store the resultant peptide at -20 or -80°C in thin film form. 3. After dissolving the obtained membrane in 5 mM anhydrous DMS O, spin it in the buffer (serum- and phenol red-free medium) to the proper concentration. 4. After that, let the solution age for 48 hours at 4–8°C. After that, the sample was added, and it was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4–8°C at 14,000 g. The supernatant contained soluble low loading. For the experiments, the supernatant gradient 10-200 times was utilized. Different approaches are used based on the final application.
In vitro, β-amyloid (1-42), rat, forms aggregates and is neurotoxic to cultured neurons. It induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. It is less aggregation-prone than the human peptide. It is used as a control in amyloid studies. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, β-amyloid (1-42), rat, can be injected into the brains of rodents to model amyloid pathology. It induces neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. It is less commonly used than the human peptide for in vivo studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Amyloid aggregation assays are performed by incubating β-amyloid (1-42) in buffer at 37°C. Aggregation is monitored by Thioflavin T fluorescence, which binds to amyloid fibrils. The kinetics of aggregation are characterized by the lag time and the elongation rate.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary rat neurons or neuronal cell lines are cultured and treated with β-amyloid (1-42) aggregates. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or LDH assays. Oxidative stress is measured using fluorescent probes for ROS. Apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models involve the injection of β-amyloid (1-42) into the hippocampus or lateral ventricle of rodents. Cognitive function is assessed using the Morris water maze or novel object recognition test. Neuroinflammation is assessed by measuring cytokine levels and microglial activation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
β-Amyloid (1-42) is a peptide that is injected directly into the brain. It is not administered systemically. Its half-life in the brain is not well characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
β-Amyloid (1-42) is neurotoxic at high concentrations. No systemic toxicity is observed as it is injected locally.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
β-Amyloid (1-42), rat, is a research tool used to study Alzheimer's disease. It is not a therapeutic agent. It is used as a control peptide in studies of amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity. The rat sequence is used to compare the properties of amyloid peptides from different species.
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| Molecular Formula |
C199H307N53O59S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
4417.95162510872
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| Exact Mass |
4417.244
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| CAS # |
166090-74-0
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| Related CAS # |
β-Amyloid (1-42), (rat/mouse) (TFA)
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| PubChem CID |
90488761
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-12.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
60
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
66
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
149
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| Heavy Atom Count |
312
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| Complexity |
10800
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
38
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CNC=N3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CNC=N5)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
HAWSUONKNKRLRH-QSLPLQOHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C199H307N53O59S/c1-28-105(20)161(191(303)216-91-146(261)223-127(72-97(4)5)179(291)233-126(67-71-312-27)177(289)245-155(99(8)9)189(301)214-86-142(257)210-87-148(263)244-157(101(12)13)194(306)249-160(104(18)19)195(307)252-162(106(21)29-2)196(308)222-111(26)198(310)311)251-197(309)163(107(22)30-3)250-166(278)108(23)219-143(258)88-211-168(280)119(56-43-45-68-200)229-184(296)135(81-141(204)256)239-188(300)139(94-254)226-147(262)92-215-190(302)156(100(10)11)246-187(299)137(83-154(274)275)240-175(287)124(61-65-150(266)267)228-165(277)110(25)221-178(290)131(76-114-52-39-33-40-53-114)237-181(293)132(77-115-54-41-34-42-55-115)242-193(305)159(103(16)17)248-186(298)128(73-98(6)7)235-171(283)120(57-44-46-69-201)230-173(285)122(59-63-140(203)255)231-183(295)134(79-117-85-208-96-218-117)238-172(284)121(58-47-70-209-199(205)206)234-192(304)158(102(14)15)247-176(288)125(62-66-151(268)269)232-180(292)130(75-113-50-37-32-38-51-113)224-144(259)90-213-170(282)138(93-253)243-185(297)136(82-153(272)273)241-182(294)133(78-116-84-207-95-217-116)225-145(260)89-212-169(281)129(74-112-48-35-31-36-49-112)236-174(286)123(60-64-149(264)265)227-164(276)109(24)220-167(279)118(202)80-152(270)271/h31-42,48-55,84-85,95-111,118-139,155-163,253-254H,28-30,43-47,56-83,86-94,200-202H2,1-27H3,(H2,203,255)(H2,204,256)(H,207,217)(H,208,218)(H,210,257)(H,211,280)(H,212,281)(H,213,282)(H,214,301)(H,215,302)(H,216,303)(H,219,258)(H,220,279)(H,221,290)(H,222,308)(H,223,261)(H,224,259)(H,225,260)(H,226,262)(H,227,276)(H,228,277)(H,229,296)(H,230,285)(H,231,295)(H,232,292)(H,233,291)(H,234,304)(H,235,283)(H,236,286)(H,237,293)(H,238,284)(H,239,300)(H,240,287)(H,241,294)(H,242,305)(H,243,297)(H,244,263)(H,245,289)(H,246,299)(H,247,288)(H,248,298)(H,249,306)(H,250,278)(H,251,309)(H,252,307)(H,264,265)(H,266,267)(H,268,269)(H,270,271)(H,272,273)(H,274,275)(H,310,311)(H4,205,206,209)/t105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-,160-,161-,162-,163-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~11.32 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (0.57 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2263 mL | 1.1317 mL | 2.2635 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0453 mL | 0.2263 mL | 0.4527 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0226 mL | 0.1132 mL | 0.2263 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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