| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone targets the Ste2p receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on the surface of yeast a cells. The binding of alpha-factor to Ste2p activates a highly conserved G protein signaling pathway that is homologous to mammalian signaling pathways. This receptor-ligand interaction serves as a model system for studying peptide hormone-GPCR interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Constitutive yeast of MATα cells synthesizes the α factor mating pheromone, which is then active on MATa cells [1]. The mating pheromone known as α-factor is inhibited by yeast, which also competes with haploid cells for the binding of 35S-α-factor (Kd = 0.3 μM). This binding is linked to five temperature-sensitive ste2 mutants, but not heat-resistant ones. Nevertheless, other temperature-sensitive mutants (ste4, ste5, ste7, ste11, and ste12) do not show thermal stability in the yeast-binding activity of the α-factor mating pheromone [2].
In vitro, alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone inhibits the division cycle of yeast a cells and competes for binding of 3⁵S-alpha-factor to haploid a cells with a Kd of 0.3 microM. This binding is thermolabile and has been characterized using five temperature-sensitive ste2 mutants. The pheromone induces the expression of mating genes, changes in nuclear architecture, and polarizes growth toward the mating partner. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone arrests yeast cells in the G1 phase of their cell cycle. This cell cycle arrest is a critical step in the mating process, allowing a and alpha cells to fuse and form diploid cells. The pheromone induces the expression of mating genes and triggers changes in nuclear architecture. These effects are mediated through the Ste2p GPCR and the downstream MAP kinase signaling cascade.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro receptor binding assay for alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone involves competition binding studies using haploid yeast a cells. Radiolabeled 3⁵S-alpha-factor is incubated with yeast a cells and varying concentrations of unlabeled alpha-factor (typically 0.001-100 uM) in binding buffer at room temperature for 1-2 hours. Bound and free ligand are separated by filtration through glass fiber filters, and radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting. The dissociation constant (Kd) is calculated from saturation binding data. Binding activity of temperature-sensitive ste2 mutants is assessed at permissive and non-permissive temperatures.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone are conducted using yeast a cell cultures. Cells are grown to mid-log phase and treated with varying concentrations of alpha-factor (typically 0.001-100 uM) for 2-4 hours. Cell cycle arrest in G1 phase is assessed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. Morphological changes including shmoo formation (polarized growth toward the mating partner) are observed by microscopy. Gene expression changes are analyzed by qPCR for mating-specific genes. The pheromone's effects on nuclear architecture can be assessed by fluorescence microscopy using nuclear stains.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not applicable for alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone as it is a yeast pheromone used exclusively for research in yeast cell biology. The compound is not administered to animals for therapeutic or pharmacological studies. Its utility lies in studying GPCR signaling, peptide hormone-receptor interactions, and the yeast mating pathway as a model system for understanding conserved eukaryotic signaling mechanisms.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties are not relevant for alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone as it is a research reagent used in yeast cell biology studies, not a therapeutic agent. The compound has a molecular weight of 1684 and a molecular formula of C82H114N20O17S. It is soluble in water at 30 mg/mL. For storage, the powder should be kept at -20degC for up to 3 years, and solutions at -80degC for up to 2 years. The compound should be protected from light and stored in a dry, sealed container.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone is not relevant as it is not a therapeutic compound. As a standard laboratory reagent for yeast research, it is handled with standard laboratory safety practices. The product is for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic use. No specific toxicity data have been reported. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound in a laboratory setting.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
A protein, also known as a pheromone mating factor, is found on the surface of organisms such as yeast and fungi.
alpha-Factor Mating Pheromone, yeast (CAS 59401-28-4) is a tridecapeptide secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha cells that acts on MATa cells via the Ste2p GPCR. It arrests yeast in G1 phase, induces mating gene expression, and polarizes growth toward mating partners. The compound serves as a model system for studying peptide hormone-GPCR interactions. It is available for research purposes only with purity ≥95%. |
| Molecular Formula |
C82H114N20O17S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1683.97136
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| Exact Mass |
1682.84
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| CAS # |
59401-28-4
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| Related CAS # |
α-Factor Mating Pheromone, yeast TFA
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| PubChem CID |
71299812
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.338 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1995.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Index of Refraction |
1.625
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| LogP |
6.313
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
19
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
48
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| Heavy Atom Count |
120
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| Complexity |
3480
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
12
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| SMILES |
CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CN=CN6)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CNC8=CC=CC=C87)N
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| InChi Key |
SBKVPJHMSUXZTA-MEJXFZFPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C82H114N20O17S/c1-45(2)34-61(98-76(112)63(38-49-41-89-56-17-9-7-15-53(49)56)99-77(113)64(39-50-42-87-44-91-50)96-71(107)54(84)37-48-40-88-55-16-8-6-14-52(48)55)74(110)93-57(25-27-68(85)104)72(108)97-62(35-46(3)4)75(111)95-59(18-10-11-30-83)80(116)101-31-12-19-66(101)78(114)90-43-70(106)92-60(26-28-69(86)105)81(117)102-32-13-20-67(102)79(115)94-58(29-33-120-5)73(109)100-65(82(118)119)36-47-21-23-51(103)24-22-47/h6-9,14-17,21-24,40-42,44-46,54,57-67,88-89,103H,10-13,18-20,25-39,43,83-84H2,1-5H3,(H2,85,104)(H2,86,105)(H,87,91)(H,90,114)(H,92,106)(H,93,110)(H,94,115)(H,95,111)(H,96,107)(H,97,108)(H,98,112)(H,99,113)(H,100,109)(H,118,119)/t54-,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~29.69 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (29.69 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5938 mL | 2.9692 mL | 5.9383 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1188 mL | 0.5938 mL | 1.1877 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0594 mL | 0.2969 mL | 0.5938 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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