| ln Vitro |
Xanthine oxidase-IN-23 (15 min) effectively inhibited purified xanthine oxidase via a reversible mixed inhibition mode, with an IC50 of 3.33 μM [1]. Xanthine oxidase-IN-23 (0.5–8 μM) exhibited potent DPPH radical scavenging activity, with a scavenging rate exceeding 50% at 2 μM [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Xanthine oxidase-IN-23 (100-200 mg/kg; orally) dose-dependently reduces serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice by inhibiting hepatic XOD activity and regulating renal uric acid transport proteins, while also preventing kidney damage caused by hyperuricemia without causing liver damage [1].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:Kunming mice (male, 5 weeks old, 39.4 g)[1]
Doses: 100 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg Route of Administration:Oral; Single dose Experimental Results:Serum uric acid (SUA) levels were significantly reduced compared to the hyperuricemia model group. Hepatic uric acid levels and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were significantly reduced compared to the model group (200 mg/kg dose). Downregulation of renal uric acid secretion transporter ABCG2 was completely reversed, while downregulation of renal uric acid reabsorption transporter GLUT9 was significantly downregulated (200 mg/kg dose). Elevated serum creatinine (CRE) levels were significantly reduced to near normal, and mild renal tubular dilatation and eosinophil accumulation caused by hyperuricemia were alleviated. Compared with the model group (200 mg/kg dose), urinary uric acid levels were elevated in the early post-modeling period. No significant changes were observed in liver indices, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, indicating no liver damage. |
| References |
| CAS # |
3055112-52-9
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|---|---|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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