| ln Vitro |
CD-10 (10 μM, 24 h) restored glutathione (GSH) levels in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and significantly reduced IL-1β concentrations [1]. CD-10 (10 μM, 24 h) activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, and IL-10 levels and increasing HO-1 levels in an LPS-stimulated BV2 cell model [1]. CD-10 (10 μM, 24 h) induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activated Nrf2 target genes in an LPS-stimulated BV2 cell model [1].
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| ln Vivo |
CD-10 (20 mg/kg, gavage, 2 weeks) improved depressive behavior in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) [1].
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| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis [1]
Cell Types: BV2 cells stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) Tested Concentrations: 10 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hours Experimental Results: HO-1 expression level increased. The level of Nrf2 protein in the cytoplasm did not change, but the ratio of nuclear Nrf2 to cytoplasmic Nrf2 increased. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:8-week-old male C57BL/6J CUMS mouse model [1]
Doses: 20 mg/kg Route of Administration: Gavage for 2 weeks Experimental Results: Increased total movement distance, central area activity time, total number of entries, percentage of open arm dwell time, and number of open arm entries. Decreased the percentage of total immobility time and immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST). Restored pleasure and appetite for sweets. Increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels while increasing interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels. It increased the expression levels of total Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the hippocampus and cortex, and decreased the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It also increased the ratio of nuclear Nrf2 protein levels to nucleoplasmic Nrf2 protein levels. Furthermore, it enhanced the binding of Nrf2 to ARE response elements. |
| References |
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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