1: Kinjo A, Sassa M, Koito T, Suzuki M, Inoue K. Functional characterization of the GABA transporter GAT-1 from the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus septemdierum. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2019 Jan;227:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.08.016. Epub 2018 Sep 6. PMID: 30195015. 2: Moldavan M, Cravetchi O, Allen CN. GABA transporters regulate tonic and synaptic GABAA receptor-mediated currents in the suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2017 Dec 1;118(6):3092-3106. doi: 10.1152/jn.00194.2017. Epub 2017 Aug 30. PMID: 28855287; PMCID: PMC5814714. 3: Jinzenji A, Sogawa C, Miyawaki T, Wen XF, Yi D, Ohyama K, Kitayama S, Sogawa N, Morita K. Antiallodynic action of 1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methyoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC05-2090), a betaine/GABA transporter inhibitor. J Pharmacol Sci. 2014;125(2):217-26. doi: 10.1254/jphs.13146fp. Epub 2014 May 30. PMID: 24881960. 4: Suárez LM, Bustamante J, Orensanz LM, Martín del Río R, Solís JM. Cooperation of taurine uptake and dopamine D1 receptor activation facilitates the induction of protein synthesis-dependent late LTP. Neuropharmacology. 2014 Apr;79:101-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.035. Epub 2013 Nov 10. PMID: 24225198. 5: Beggiato S, O'Connor WT, Tomasini MC, Antonelli T, Loche A, Tanganelli S, Cacciaglia R, Ferraro L. GET73 increases rat extracellular hippocampal CA1 GABA levels through a possible involvement of local mGlu5 receptor. Synapse. 2013 Oct;67(10):678-91. doi: 10.1002/syn.21672. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23564259. 6: Ransom CB, Tao W, Wu Y, Spain WJ, Richerson GB. Rapid regulation of tonic GABA currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2013 Feb;109(3):803-12. doi: 10.1152/jn.00460.2012. Epub 2012 Oct 31. PMID: 23114210; PMCID: PMC3567397. 7: Sogawa N, Hazehara Y, Kunitomo M, Morita Y, Yoo B, Ohyama K, Sogawa C, Kitayama S. Age-dependent changes in the susceptibility to thiopental anesthesia in mice: analysis of the relationship to the functional expression of GABA transporter. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012 Dec;103(2):267-72. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.027. Epub 2012 Sep 4. PMID: 22963929. 8: Galvan A, Hu X, Smith Y, Wichmann T. Localization and function of GABA transporters in the globus pallidus of parkinsonian monkeys. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jun;223(2):505-15. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.01.018. Epub 2010 Feb 4. PMID: 20138865; PMCID: PMC2864357. 9: Peng XQ, Gardner EL, Xi ZX. Gamma-vinyl GABA increases nonvesicular release of GABA and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens in rats via action on anion channels and GABA transporters. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Mar;208(4):511-9. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1753-7. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PMID: 20033132; PMCID: PMC3713230. 10: Matthews E Jr, Rahnama-Vaghef A, Eskandari S. 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1-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid is a diarylmethane.

C22H26CLNO2

371.9

335.189

C, 71.05; H, 7.05; Cl, 9.53; N, 3.77; O, 8.60

85375-85-5

85375-15-1 ( free base);85375-85-5 (HCl);

92409

Solid powder

1.121g/cm3

531.4ºC at 760 mmHg

275.2ºC

1.587

4.242

1

3

6

25

427

0

C1(/C(/C2C=CC=CC=2)=C/CCN2CCCC(C(O)=O)C2)C=CC=CC=1

SNGGBKYQZVAQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H25NO2.ClH/c24-22(25)20-13-7-15-23(17-20)16-8-14-21(18-9-3-1-4-10-18)19-11-5-2-6-12-19;/h1-6,9-12,14,20H,7-8,13,15-17H2,(H,24,25);1H

1-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1-yl)piperidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride

SKF89976A HCl; SKF 89976A; SKF-89976A; SKF89976A hydrochloride

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)