| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Curvulin targets microtubules, the cytoskeletal structures essential for cell division, intracellular transport, and cellular morphology. The compound inhibits microtubule assembly, preventing the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. Additionally, Curvulin inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme involved in inflammatory responses.
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| ln Vitro |
In cell-free biochemical assays, Curvulin inhibits microtubule assembly. The compound prevents the polymerization of purified tubulin into microtubules in vitro. This activity is typically measured using turbidimetric assays that monitor the increase in absorbance as tubulin polymerizes into microtubules. The compound also inhibits iNOS expression in cell-based systems.
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| ln Vivo |
In cell-based assays, Curvulin inhibits microtubule assembly, leading to disruption of the cellular microtubule network. The compound also inhibits iNOS expression, reducing nitric oxide production in cells. These activities contribute to the compound's effects on cell division, migration, and inflammatory responses. Curvulin is a phytotoxin that may have potential applications in studying microtubule biology and inflammation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The cell-free microtubule assembly assay involves incubation of purified tubulin with the compound at various concentrations in assembly buffer containing GTP. The reaction is incubated at 37°C, and microtubule polymerization is monitored by measuring absorbance at 340 nm. The IC50 for inhibition of microtubule assembly is determined from dose-response curves. The iNOS expression assay measures iNOS protein levels by Western blotting or activity by measuring nitrite production.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for Curvulin involve culturing mammalian cells and treating them with the compound at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM. Cells are incubated for 24-72 hours, and the effect on microtubule assembly is assessed by immunofluorescence staining of tubulin. The effect on iNOS expression is assessed by Western blotting or by measuring nitric oxide production using the Griess assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
There is no established animal experimental protocol for Curvulin specifically. As a phytotoxin and microtubule inhibitor, the compound could potentially be evaluated in animal models of cancer or inflammation. Typical protocols for microtubule inhibitors involve administration to tumor-bearing mice via intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. Toxicity and efficacy would need to be established in preclinical studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Curvulin have not been extensively reported in the literature. As a small molecule with molecular weight of 238.24 g/mol, the compound would be expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and reasonable tissue penetration. The compound is soluble in methanol, DMSO, or acetone. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be required to determine plasma half-life, clearance, and metabolic pathways.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Curvulin are not well documented in the available literature. As a phytotoxin, the compound may have toxic effects on cells and tissues. Microtubule inhibitors are typically toxic to rapidly dividing cells, which could translate to bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, and other effects. Standard toxicity studies would be required to determine the safety profile.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Curvulin is an aromatic ketone. Ethyl 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) has been reported and data are available for its presence in the genera Curvularia, Curvularia lunata, and Curvularia pallescens.
Curvulin is a research compound used to study microtubule assembly and iNOS expression. It is a phytotoxin first isolated from Paraphoma sp. VIZR 1.46. The compound inhibits microtubule assembly and inhibits iNOS expression. It is not an approved pharmaceutical and has no clinical trial history. This product is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H14O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
238.2366
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| Exact Mass |
238.084
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| CAS # |
19054-27-4
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| PubChem CID |
177045
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.273g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
404.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
155.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
3.92E-07mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.561
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| LogP |
1.406
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
289
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C(C([H])=C(C=1C(C([H])([H])[H])=O)O[H])O[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
TURXCFUGBPBPRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H14O5/c1-3-17-11(16)5-8-4-9(14)6-10(15)12(8)7(2)13/h4,6,14-15H,3,5H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
ethyl 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1974 mL | 20.9872 mL | 41.9745 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8395 mL | 4.1974 mL | 8.3949 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4197 mL | 2.0987 mL | 4.1974 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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