| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Kaempferol (Kempferol; Robigenin), a naturally occuring flavonoid analog, is a potent ERRα (estrogen receptor α) and ERRγ inverse agonist. It prevents DNA replication that is catalyzed by topoisomerase I and may also prevent fatty acid synthase from working. Additionally, by inhibiting the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and interleukin-4, kaempferol reduces inflammation by downregulating the NFκB pathway and suppressing Src kinase. Additionally useful in ovarian cancer cell inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis is kaempferol.
| Targets |
ERRα; ERRγ; Topo I; fatty acid synthase
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| ln Vitro |
Kaempferol also inhibits the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and interleukin-4 by downregulating the NFκB pathway and suppressing Src kinase. This results in anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, kaempferol works well to stop angiogenesis and cause ovarian cancer cells to die. A natural flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, kaempferol has been shown in long-term studies to significantly and dramatically lower the risk of ovarian cancer in female American nurses working in nursing over several decades. Kaempferol significantly and concentration-dependently inhibits the proliferation of all three tested ovarian cancer cells after a 24-hour treatment. At treatment concentrations of 40 μM or above, this inhibition is seen. Kaempferol is a flavonoid that is widely found in many foods made from plants and leaves that are used in traditional medicine. Significantly, kaempferol inhibits the activity of NADPH oxidase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reduced by kaempferol through direct binding of NADPH oxidase. Kaempferol inhibits CAMKII oxidation, which stops Ang II from inducing sinus nodal cell death. The release of Kaempferol in sensitized RBL-2H3 cells is dose-dependently suppressed by 10–20 μM of the drug. The activation of Syk and PLCγ is greatly reduced in DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells when 10–20 μM Kaempferol is added for 15 minutes. The COX2 induction is diminished in DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells when ≥10 μM Kaempferol is added for 60 minutes.
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| ln Vivo |
BALB/c mice challenged with BSA have confirmed COX2 induction in their airways. The untreated control mice's airways were found to be devoid of COX2. When mice are given BSA orally, their airways become more inducible of COX2 (dark brown staining), which can be counteracted by giving them kaempferol orally also. Epithelial thickening and a noticeable hyperplasia of goblet cells are seen in mice given BSA. In mice given BSA, the epithelial thickening totally vanished when given 20 mg/kg of kaempferol supplementation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The right atria or sinus nodal cells are homogenized in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.5 mM Benzamidine, 20 mg/L Leupeptin, 20 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM NaF, and 50 mM sodium β-glycerophosphate). The Bradford assay is used to quantify the total protein content. The Caspase-3 Assay Kit from EnzChek is used to measure caspase-3 activity[3].
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| Cell Assay |
Triple-selected 0-160 μM Kaempferol treatment is administered for 24 hours after ovarian cancer cells seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 2000 cells/well and allowed to incubate overnight. After removing the medium, the cells are lysed by freezing and thawing the plates. To each well, 200 μL of 1× CyQUANT cell lysis buffer containing 5 times SYBR Green I is added, and it is then incubated for five minutes at room temperature (RT). A Chromo4 PCR device in real time measures the fluorescent signal at 90°C after the reaction (50 μL) has been transferred to PCR strip tubes. Genomic DNA abundance is measured after an overnight incubation period, and a standard curve is created by seeding varying numbers of OVCAR-3 cells (based on hemacytometer counts) in a 96-well plate. This ensures that cell proliferation assays are carried out within a linear range of cell numbers. Data from three separate experiments is combined for statistical analysis[2].
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| Animal Protocol |
Mice: The four treatment groups (n=8 per group) are randomly assigned to three-week-old male BALB/c mice. (1) PBS-sensitized mice; (2) BSA-sensitized mice; (3) BSA-sensitized and 10 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice; and (4) BSA-sensitized and 20 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice. A commercial mouse chow diet consisting of 20.5% protein, 3.5% fat, 8% fiber, 8% ash, and 0.5% phosphorus is fed to the mice, and they are given unlimited access to food and water. The mice are housed in particular pathogen-free conditions with a 12-hour light and dark cycle, 23±1°C, and 50%±5% relative humidity. Prior to beginning the allergy experiments, mice are given a week to acclimate to their new environment. All experimental mice are sensitized by subcutaneous injection on days 0 and 14 with 20 μg BSA in 30 μL PBS and 50 μL inject alum. A combination of 50 μL PBS and 50 μL Imject Alum without BSA is injected into the control mice. Days 28, 29, and 30 involve giving 5% BSA inhalation only to the experimental mice that have become sensitized to it; control mice are given 5% PBS for 20 minutes in a plastic chamber that is connected to a Medel aerosol nebulizer. A full day after the final challenge, all mice are killed. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are directly counted from whole blood samples. Before being used, the right lung is kept in 4% paraformaldehyde.
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| References |
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H10O6
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| Molecular Weight |
286.23
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| Exact Mass |
286.05
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 62.94; H, 3.52; O, 33.54
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| CAS # |
520-18-3
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| Related CAS # |
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
IYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-3-1-7(2-4-8)15-14(20)13(19)12-10(18)5-9(17)6-11(12)21-15/h1-6,16-18,20H
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| Chemical Name |
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone; Pelargidenolon; Indigo Yellow; Kaempferol; Campherol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2 mg/mL (6.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2 mg/mL (6.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2 mg/mL (6.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 5 mg/mL (17.47 mM) in 0.5% CMC/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4937 mL | 17.4685 mL | 34.9369 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6987 mL | 3.4937 mL | 6.9874 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3494 mL | 1.7468 mL | 3.4937 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT06060691 | Recruiting | Drug: Kaempferol | Female Sexual Dysfunction | Deraya University | September 20, 2023 | Phase 1 |
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