Etomidate (R-16659)

Alias: R 26490, Etomidate, Amidate, Ethomidate, Hypnomidate, R-26490, R26490,Radenarkon
Cat No.:V1285 Purity: ≥98%
Etomidate (Amidate, Ethomidate, Hypnomidate,R-26490, R26490,Radenarkon),discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1964, is a GABAA receptor agonist that has been approved for use as a short-acting anaesthetic drug or sedative.
Etomidate (R-16659) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 33125-97-2
Product category: GABA Receptor
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Etomidate (Amidate, Ethomidate, Hypnomidate, R-26490, R26490, Radenarkon), discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1964, is a GABAA receptor agonist that has been approved for use as a short-acting anaesthetic drug or sedative. Etomidate was approved for the induction of general anaesthesia and sedation for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints, tracheal intubation, and cardioversion. It was introduced as an intravenous agent in 1972 in Europe and in 1983 in the US.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Etomidate rapidly increases phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinases ERK1/2 in alpha2B-receptor-expressing HEK293 cells. Etomidate, via an increase in alpha5GABAAR activity, completely blocks long-term potentiation and impaired memory performance, and these effects are reversed by pretreatment with L-655,708. Etomidate directly activates GABA(A) receptors found in chromaffin cells thereby elevating [Ca(2+)](i). Etomidate modulates GABA(A) receptor activation by muscimol due to the positive anion equilibrium potential, depolarizes chromaffin cells. Etomidate (3-100 mM) suppresses glutamate uptake in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximum effect occurring at 2.4 mM. Etomidate leads to a significant decrease of V(max) whereas the K(m) of the transporter is unaffected.

ln Vivo
Etomidate results in a transient increase (duration 2.4 min) in arterial blood pressure in wild-type mice (17 mmHg). Etomidate (10(-4) M) also inhibits CH tracheal rings contraction in response to cumulative concentrations of CCh and KCl in chronically hypoxic rats. Etomidate and ketamine attenuates pulmonary vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin, whereas they has no effect on the response to A23187 in canine pulmonary artery. Etomidate and ketamine further attenuates both L-NAME-resistant and TBA-resistant relaxation in canine pulmonary artery.
Animal Protocol
N/A
Rats
References
Anesthesiology.2003 Oct;99(4):889-95;Anesthesiology.2009 Nov;111(5):1025-35.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C14H16N2O2
Molecular Weight
244.29
CAS #
33125-97-2
SMILES
O=C(C1=CN=CN1[C@@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C)OCC
Synonyms
R 26490, Etomidate, Amidate, Ethomidate, Hypnomidate, R-26490, R26490,Radenarkon
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: 49 mg/mL (200.6 mM)
Water:<1 mg/mL 49
Ethanol: 49mg/mL (200.6 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)

Chemical Name:ethyl 3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-4-carboxylate

InChi Key:NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-LLVKDONJSA-N

InChi Code:InChI=1S/C14H16N2O2/c1-3-18-14(17)13-9-15-10-16(13)11(2)12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-11H,3H2,1-2H3/t11-/m1/s1

SMILES Code:O=C(C1=CN=CN1[C@@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)C)OCC

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.0935 mL 20.4675 mL 40.9350 mL
5 mM 0.8187 mL 4.0935 mL 8.1870 mL
10 mM 0.4093 mL 2.0467 mL 4.0935 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
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Biological Data
  • Etomidate

    Hypnotic effects of etomidate and thiopental in wild-type (WT), α2A-receptor–deficient (α2A-KO), and α2B-receptor–deficient (α2B-KO) mice.Anesthesiology.2003 Oct;99(4):889-95.
  • Etomidate

    Cardiovascular effects of etomidate (Eto) in α2A-receptor–deficient (α2A-KO), and α2AB-receptor–deficient (α2AB-KO) mice.Anesthesiology.2003 Oct;99(4):889-95.
  • Etomidate
    Etomidate activates mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation via α2B-receptors.Anesthesiology.2003 Oct;99(4):889-95.
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